https://lpb-ibl.sggw.edu.pl/issue/feed 2026-04-24T08:41:12+00:00 Leśne Prace Badawcze, Komitet Redakcyjny lpb@ibles.waw.pl Open Journal Systems <p>Czasopismo <strong><em>Leśne Prace Badawcze</em></strong> koncentruje się na publikowaniu wyników badań empirycznych lub modelowych, które przyczyniają się do zrozumienia funkcjonowania ekosystemów leśnych i mają zastosowanie w praktycznym leśnictwie. Obszar poruszanych zagadnień, zarówno podstawowych, jak i stosowanych, obejmuje wszystkie dyscypliny leśne, tj. hodowlę, ekologię, fizjologię, entomologię, fitopatologię, genetykę, a także inwentaryzację, urządzanie i użytkowanie lasu, geomatykę oraz związane z lasem i leśnictwem aspekty ekonomiczne, polityczne, społeczne i kulturalne. Jako jedyne leśne czasopismo naukowe wydawane w języku polskim ma na celu wymianę najnowszej wiedzy naukowej pomiędzy badaczami i praktyką leśną. Publikowane są w nim nie tylko oryginalneartykuły naukowe, ale również artykuły przeglądowe, dyskusyjne, doniesienia i sprawozdania z realizowanych prac badawczych przez naukowców i leśników. Pismo jest wydawane w wersji elektronicznej. Artykuły publikowane są w języku polskim, z abstraktem w języku angielskim.</p> https://lpb-ibl.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/11325 2026-04-24T08:40:58+00:00 Jerzy Gutowski j.gutowski@ibles.waw.pl Paweł Górski Jacek Hilszczański Wojciech Jędryczkowski Roman Królik Jacek Kurzawa Andrzej Lasoń Radosław Plewa Jan Tatur-Dytkowski

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, habitat preferences, host plants, and other aspects of the biology of longhorn beetles, as well as to identify threats to individual species and propose measures for their mitigation within the Biebrza Valley, particularly in Biebrza National Park (BbNP). The paper presents the results of field research conducted between 1982 and 2025 (with periodic breaks) in the Biebrza Valley (NE Poland). A total of 95 Cerambycidae species were recorded in the study area, representing 48% of the Polish longhorn beetle fauna. Ninety-two species were found within the BbNP boundaries, while three species were recorded from its buffer zone exclusively. The highest species richness was observed in the Middle Basin (83 species) and the Lower Basin (78 species), whereas the Upper Basin yielded 54 species. The most widely distributed species was Strangalia attenuata, recorded in sixteen UTM squares (10×10 km) and common in all three Biebrza basins. Stenurella nigra occurred in fourteen squares, while Grammoptera ruficornis, Rhagium mordax, and S. melanura were found in thirteen squares. Among the longhorn beetle species identified in the Biebrza Valley, eleven were classified as very rare and should be considered as „species of special concern”. These included Cerambyx scopolii, Cyrtoclytus capra, Molorchus marmottani, Euracmaeops septentrionis, Leptura thoracica, Lepturalia nigripes, Aegomorphus obscurior, Exocentrus stierlini, Oberea euphorbiae, O. pupillata, and Saperda similis. Among all recorded cerambycid species, 76 were documented based on rearing from plant material (dead wood, twigs etc.) of various host plants. These comprised 24 plant species: 21 woody plants – trees and shrubs – and three herbaceous species. Broad-leaved trees and shrubs were dominant, as only two coniferous species (Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies) were confirmed as hosts.The highest number of species developed on Quercus robur (23), followed by P. sylvestris and P. abies (17), Salix spp. (12), Betulapendula and Alnus glutinosa (11 each). Other plant species hosted between one and nine Cerambycidae species. The species withthe broadest host plant range were Rhagium mordax (eight species), Saperda scalaris (six), and both Anaesthetis Testaceaand S. attenuata (five each). Noteworthy host associations included Clytus arietis on Frangula alnus, A. obscurior on A. glutinosa,and Exocentrus punctipennis on Q. robur. Two species found in the Biebrza Valley – C. scopolii and L. thoracica – are under partial protection in Poland. Several other species are included in the Polish Red List of Threatened and Endangered Animals, including L. nigripes, classified as Critically Endangered (CR), and L. thoracica as Vulnerable (VU). L. thoracica is also listed among the relic saproxylic beetles of Central Europe in the group of relics sensu stricto. No major threats have been identified for most saproxylic Cerambycidae species, with one exception. Comparison of recent data (2021–2025) with earlier records (1982–2011) has revealed concerning signs of a declining trend in the local population of A. obscurior. Threats were also identified for certain species developing in herbaceous plants. These include: −ecological succession (encroachment of woody vegetation in open areas leading to increased shading), accelerated by drainageand lowering of groundwater levels; a threat to, for example, Agapanthia intermedia, O. euphorbiae, and Phytoecia virgula; −lack of suitable host trees or shrubs for infestation, such as sun-exposed oaks (A. obscurior, C. scopolii), fire weakened/killedbirches (L. nigripes), and old honeysuckle shrubs (O. pupillata); −disruption in the continuity and regeneration of host plants, potentially leading to the degradation of breeding habitats,especially for A. obscurior and, to a lesser extent, for C. scopolii, which can develop in other tree species; −small population size and isolation, which pose threats for species such as C. scopolii, L. nigripes, and O. euphorbiae;entomological poachin; −illegal collection of imagines or larvae with their host material (infested wood) of collector-attractive species. Documentedcases include attempts at illegall collection of A. obscurior. For certain species (e.g. A. obscurior, C. scopolii, L. nigripes), active conservation measures are essential to preserve theirpopulations. For most saproxylic species, passive conservation is highly effective if the protected area is sufficiently large. It is recommended that such protection be implemented in forests with a natural or near-natural character, or in those with the potential to become natural (e.g. parts of the Grzędy forest, the Las Trzyrzeczki tree stand, and the Kopciowe complex). The immediate acquisition of ecologically valuable areas (sites of rare Coleoptera occurrence) currently in private or military ownership within or around BbNP is strongly advised. Monitoring is proposed for one saproxylic beetle species (C. capra) and one species developing in herbaceous plants (O. euphorbiae).

2026-04-20T00:00:00+00:00 Prawa autorskie (c) SGGW https://lpb-ibl.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/11328 2026-04-24T08:41:07+00:00 Jerzy Gutowski j.gutowski@ibles.waw.pl Jacek Hilszczański Wojciech Jędryczkowski Roman Królik Andrzej Lasoń Jan Tatur-Dytkowski Marek Wanat

The aim of the study was to examine the distribution and various aspects of the biology of Buprestidae species, as well as to identify threats to individual species and indicate methods for their mitigation in the Biebrza Valley, particularly in Biebrza National Park (BbPN). The paper presents the results of research conducted between 1982 and 2025 (with breaks) in the Biebrza Valley (NE Poland). In the study area, 44 Buprestidae species were recorded (41 species in BbPN), representing approximately 47% of Poland’s fauna in this beetle family. The most widely distributed species in the Biebrza Valley are: Trachys minutus, Agrilus viridis, A. angustulus, A. betuleti, and A. sulcicollis. Among the Buprestidae present in the Biebrza Valley, eight very rare species (so-called „species of special concern”) have been identified: Agrilus guerini, A. kaluganus, A. nicolanus, Anthaxia manca, Habroloma nanum, Lamprodila decipiens, Poecilonota variolosa, and Trachys troglodytes. For 27 Buprestidae species, 25 host plants for their larvae have been determined, including 21 species (or genera) of trees and shrubs and four herbaceous plant species. Notably, new host plants have been discovered for the larvae of Dicerca alni – Padus avium, and Coraebus elatus – Potentilla erecta. Two species recorded in the Biebrza Valley are listed on the Red List of Threatened and Endangered Animals in Poland: Agrilus integerrimus in the Near Threatened (NT) category, and A. guerini in the Data Deficient (DD) category. Dicerca alni is listed among the relict saproxylic beetles of Central Europe, classified as a relict sensu lato. In general, no major threats have been identified for saproxylic jewel beetle species. The main threats to species developing on herbaceous plants are: 1) climate instability and water scarcity in consecutive years, which endanger hygrophilous fauna such as Coraebus elatus, which develops on Comarum palustre; 2) large-scale mowing of vegetation with snow groomers, which destroys sensitive plants in low peatlands and consequently eliminates the developmental base for species associated with these plants (e.g., Coraebus elatus); 3) ecological succession (mainly the overgrowth of open areas with woody vegetation and increased shading), which threatens, among others, Coraebus elatus, Habroloma nanum, Trachys fragariae, T. scrobiculatus, and T. troglodytes; 4) isolation of small populations of a given species, as is the case, for example, with H. nanum. Various active conservation measures have been proposed, such as mechanical removal of woody plants that shade valuable open areas, mowing, and grazing. The use of prescribed burning to maintain open areas has also been suggested. Monitoring several of the most valuable species representing different ecological habitats (Agrilus guerini, Coraebus elatus, Habroloma nanum, Poecilonota variolosa) has been recommended to assess the effectiveness of the conservation methods applied.

2026-04-20T00:00:00+00:00 Prawa autorskie (c) SGGW https://lpb-ibl.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/11329 2026-04-24T08:41:09+00:00 Szymon Stańczyk

The assessment of tree crown defoliation is a key component of forest health monitoring and forms the basis for reporting under the ICP Forests programme. Currently, direct field assessment remains the standard, but the development and increased availability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV’s) offer the possibility of partially replacing field assessment with remote methods. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of RGB images obtained by drone for determining the degree of defoliation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) crowns in accordance with ICP Forests guidelines and to compare these results with standard field assessment. The study included spruce trees (≥ 60 years) from two populations: mountain (Szklarska Poręba Forest District) and lowland (Płońsk Forest District). For each tree, two types of photographs were taken: vertical (from above the top, at a height of approx. 5 m) and oblique (from the side, showing the entire crown). The sample included individuals assigned to five categories of crown damage, including dead trees. The photographs were used for remote assessment, and sample images as well as and a diagram of the photography method are presented in Figures 1A/1B–2A/2B. The results were compared with a reference assessment conducted in the field for the same trees, carried out in parallel with the aerial surveys under comparable lighting and phenological conditions. Imaging was performed using a DJI Mavic 2 Zoom drone. A team of 12 experts (assessors with monitoring experience), who were briefly trained and independently estimated crown defoliation based on 120 images for each type of shot. The assessments were recorded on forms and then compared with the reference assessment. Statistical analyses included both percentage compliance and compliance with damage class assignments (Tables 1 – 2). Operationally, it took about 1–2 minutes to take a complete set of photographs of one tree, saving time compared to standard field inspection. The results indicate that oblique images more accurately reflect the condition of tree crowns than vertical images. The average agreement between damage classes and field assessments for oblique images was 56% and 46% for vertical images. For oblique shots, the highest agreement was observed in damage category 3 (66%), while for vertical shots it was in category 5. The lowest accuracy was recorded in category 2 (oblique images) and category 1 (vertical images), (Tables 1–2 respectively). Error analysis showed a moderate tendency to overestimate the degree of defoliation (14 cases, average +6.79%) compared to underestimations (10 cases, average −3.84%) (Figures 3–4). Regarding population, the differences between sites indicated a smaller overestimation in the mountain population (2.87%) than in the lowland population (7.47%) (Figures 5–8). Furthermore, 62% of all assessments (for both site types) differed from the reference assessment by ≤ 5 percentage points, confirming the practical usefulness of the method. The results show that the using BSP in defoliation assessment can significantly support forest health monitoring, especially in stands with dense canopy cover and in areas that are difficult to access. The method is repeatable, operationally fast and feasible in practice, although its use may be limited by compositional factors such as crown overlap and obstructed side visibility in dense stands. Further research should take into account the influence of lighting conditions, flight altitude and configuration.

2026-04-20T00:00:00+00:00 Prawa autorskie (c) SGGW https://lpb-ibl.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/11326 2026-04-24T08:41:02+00:00 Krzysztof Korzeniewski K.Korzeniewski@ibles.waw.pl Emilia Wysocka-Fijorek e.wysocka-fijorek@ibles.waw.pl

The primary objective was to compare the structure, functionality, and applicability of five models commonly used in Europe – Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3), EFIMOD, European Forest Information SCENario Model (EFISCEN), CO2FIX, and CASMOFOR – under conditions relevant to Poland. The scope of the work included analysis of forest biomass dynamics, mortality, decomposition of dead organic matter, soil carbon pools, and simulation of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The review was based on published literature and supplemented by a systematic comparison of model assumptions. The main features of the models are summarised in Tables 1 and 2, while differences in growth, mortality, decomposition, and disturbance handling are presented in Tables 3–6. The methodology involved a structured review of model architecture and input data requirements, emphasising their capacity to simulate forest growth and carbon balance. CBM-CFS3 was identified as the most advanced in handling disturbances and land-use change, offering a wide range of modules and disturbance matrices. EFIMOD integrates tree-level growth processes with soil dynamics via the ROMUL module, explicitly capturing C/N interactions. EFISCEN, based on matrix structures, allows large-scale simulations at landscape and European levels but is less precise for uneven-aged stands. CO2FIX and CASMOFOR use simpler cohort approaches, suitable for stand-level simulations, with CASMOFOR focusing on afforestation scenarios and short-term carbon balance. Figures and tables show that the models differ significantly in the representation of tree growth, mortality, and decomposition, with EFIMOD providing the highest spatial resolution and EFISCEN ensuring scalability to policy-level applications. The results highlight that each model offers distinct strengths. CBM-CFS3 provides detailed decomposition and disturbance modules, EFIMOD excels in linking tree and soil processes, while EFISCEN is most effective for large-scale scenario analysis. CO2FIX and CASMOFOR remain practical tools for stand-level management and afforestation monitoring. Despite these differences, no universal “best” model could be identified. Instead, model selection depends on research objectives, data availability, and spatial scale. A consistent conclusion is that the use of statistical measures such as RMSE, NSE, and R², combined with ecological validation (carbon balance, life cycles, response to disturbances), is essential for evaluating model efficiency. In summary, the comparative analysis (Tables 1-6) demonstrates that forest carbon cycle modelling is highly diversified, ranging from simple balance models to complex disturbance-oriented systems. Fragmentation of approaches creates challenges for harmonisation at European and national levels. Nevertheless, adopting hybrid evaluation frameworks can improve methodological consistency and enhance the role of carbon models in supporting climate policy and sustainable forest management.

2026-04-20T00:00:00+00:00 Prawa autorskie (c) SGGW https://lpb-ibl.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/11327 2026-04-24T08:41:05+00:00 Wojciech Pusz wojciech.pusz@upwr.edu.pl Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska

torfowiska, fitopatogeny, bioindykatory, peat bogs, phytopathogens, bioindicators, climate change, zmiany klimatu

2026-04-20T00:00:00+00:00 Prawa autorskie (c) SGGW https://lpb-ibl.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/11330 2026-04-24T08:41:12+00:00 Maria Szajewska-Urbaniec 2026-04-20T00:00:00+00:00 Prawa autorskie (c) SGGW