Introduction of non-native tree species in the forests of Warmia and Mazury – history and expectations
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non-native species, introduction, productivity
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present the history of the establishment and growth of some tree species, which are non-native to the Polish flora, in north-eastern Poland up to the present day. The introduction of that tree species to Europe or its parts (Weymouth pine, Douglas fir, western red cedar, and other species) was initiated by Schwappach at the end of the 19th century in Germany and Prussia on areas between 0.05 and 0.15 ha. The tree growth and natural regeneration were observed until 1945 and continued today. The present study updates the information on the location of some of these stands in north-eastern Poland (Warmia and Mazury), taking into account their dendrometric parameters for future studies.
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Panka, Stefan, et al. “Introduction of Non-Native Tree Species in the Forests of Warmia and Mazury – History and Expectations”. Leśne Prace Badawcze, vol. 85, Dec. 2025, pp. 30-42, doi:10.48538/lpb-2025-0004.
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